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Yahoo!奇摩知識+ - 分類問答 - 科學常識 - 已解決
Yahoo!奇摩知識+ - 分類問答 - 科學常識 - 已解決 
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不定積分x^i dx(i是虛數) 的答案 ?
Aug 13th 2013, 22:06

x^i = e^{i*ln(x)}

若 x>0, 令 u = ln(x), 則 x = e^u, dx = e^u du.

 ∫ x^i dx = ∫ e^{iu} e^u du = ∫ e^{(1+i)u} du = e^{(1+i)u}/(1+i) +C
    = (e^u)^{1+i}/(1+i) + C = x^{1+i}/(1+i) + C.

也可以用 Euler 公式: e^{iu} = cos(u) + i*sin(u), 故
 ∫ x^i dx = ∫ e^u cos(u) du + i ∫ e^u sin(u) du
用分部積分法或查積分公式, 計算出兩個積分, 丙換回 e^{(1+i)u}
即  x^{1+i} 形式.

既然涉及虛數, 或許也要允許 x<0. 不過, x<0 甚至 x 是虛數時
的對數比較麻煩, 先去看看 "複變" 的基本教材再說.

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